However, if the person suffering form arrhythmia reports persistent episodes of arrhythmia then he should consult his heath care professional, who in turn may refer the patient to a cardiac surgeon for further investigations and treatment. In cases where arrhythmia is accompanied with other symptoms such as dizziness, sudden pain in the left side of the chest, heart region and left shoulder, difficulty in breathing and fainting, the affected individual should immediately seek urgent medical assistance.

Treatment

Arrhythmia can be caused as a result of a number of reasons. Many people suffer from arrhythmia but it is not associated with any other cardiac diseases or heath problems. In other cases, it is extremely important to determine the cause of arrhythmia and also to carry out laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures to investigate any underlying health problems. In people who suffer from arrhythmia but who are otherwise healthy, no treatment is needed. Some of the common forms of treatment for arrhythmia are listed below.

• Pacemaker

A pacemaker is a small electric device that sends small electrical impulses to the heart muscle. The electric impulses stimulate the heart muscle and help to maintain a stable heart rate. The main function of the pacemaker is to prevent the heart from beating too slowly. It is especially useful in case of heart block.

• Defibrillator

Another important device that is used to maintain a stable heart rate is the defibrillator. This is a highly sophisticated device and it is manly used to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. When the heart is beating dangerously fast or irregularly, a higher energy shock may be delivered to the heart muscle to restore a normal rhythm.

• Electrophysiology study

Electrophysiology study is a type of cardiac surgery. The main aim of this surgery is to detect the site of arrhythmia in the heart. This is carried out with the help of highly sophisticated instruments and advanced technology. After locating the site of the arrhythmia, it is eliminated with the help of bursts of radio frequency energy.

Lifestyle changes

When a person is diagnosed to be suffering from arrhythmia, then he needs to make certain lifestyle changes. These include limiting the intake of caffeine. He needs to take steps to quit smoking and avoid heavy consumption of alcohol or episodes of binge drinking.

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• Persistent palpitations

Palpitation, in simple terms means being aware of one’s own heart beat. The heart beats regularly. We are not even aware that it’s beating, under normal circumstances. However, in cases of stress, anxiety, sudden emotional disturbances such as excitement and shock and in cases of physical exertion or exercise, the heart starts to beat faster than usual. This is normal. But in these circumstances one becomes aware of the heart beat. This is known as palpitation. The palpitations may feel like pounding, galloping or fluttering .When one starts to experience palpitations frequently, then it can be associated with cardiac diseases or other health problems. In such instances, it is necessary to consult the heath care professional, who might refer you to a cardiac specialist for a detailed and further examination.

• Chest pain

Another important and serious symptom that may be associated with arrhythmia is chest pain. Under normal circumstances, the most common cause of chest pain is the boating of the abdomen. If the chest pain is associated with palpitations, if the chest pain is sudden and extreme and originating from the left side of the chest and in the left shoulder region, then the individual must immediately seek urgent medical assistance. Chest pain may also be accompanied by sweating..In such circumstances, the chest pain is usually associated with cardiac problems which may even prove to be life threatening, such as a cardiac arrest.

• Dyspnea

When arrhythmia is associated with dyspnea then it becomes cause of concern. Dyspnea is difficulty in breathing. The individual often complains of palpitations, loud beating of the heart or irregular heartbeats accompanied by tightness in chest and difficulty in breathing. The person may report shortness of breath. This is another case that calls for urgent medical help.

• Dizziness

Palpitations and arrhythmias can also be accompanied with a feeling of dizziness or light headedness. The person may also complain of fullness in the throat and the chest. This is a serious condition requiring urgent medical intervention.

Tachycardia

This is a type of arrhythmia in which the heart beats at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute. Tachycardia can occur when the person is under physical exertion such as rigorous exercise or emotional stress. Most episodes of tachycardia are experienced in the upper chambers of the heart, or atria. Those that occur in the lower chambers, or ventricles, are more serious. Arrhythmias in the ventricles are associated with sudden cardiac death, particularly if the ventricles are reduced to quivering rather than beating.

Bradycardia

Bradycardia occurs when the heart beats slowly, at a rate of less than 60 beats per minute.  People who are physically fit may have a heart rate slower than normal when they are resting. In some cases, bradycardia can be caused by problems with the sinus node of the heart.

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Types of Arrhythmias

Some of the common types of arrhythmias are listed below:

• Bradyarrhythmia

An Arrhythmia that occurs in case of a slow heart rate that is a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute is known as bradyarrhythmia.

• Tachyarrhythmia

An Arrhythmia that occurs when the heart rate is fast, that is when the heart beats at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute is known as tachyarrhythmia.

• Premature Atrial Contractions

Premature atrial contractions are extra heart beats that originate in the atria chambers of the heart. Atria are the upper chambers of the heart. These are usually harmless and do not need any treatment.

• Premature Ventricular Contractions

Premature ventricular contractions are the most common forms of arrhythmias. This is the irregular heart beat or a missed heart beat that every one of us experiences at some point of time. It can occur in a healthy heart as well as in individuals suffering from cardiac problems. In some people the premature ventricular contractions are associated with excessive consumption of caffeine, physical exertion and emotional stress or sudden emotional disturbances. However, people who frequently experience premature ventricular contractions or in case of pope who suffer from other associated symptoms such as fainting and dizziness or cardiac problems should consult a cardiac specialist.

• Atrial Fibrillation

This is a very common irregular heart rhythm that causes the upper chambers of the heart to contract abnormally.

• Heart Block

In case of a heart block the electrical impulse which travels from the sinus node to the ventricles of the heart is blocked completely or it might be delayed, resulting in an irregular heartbeat. If serious, heart block is treated with a pacemaker.

Some other forms of arrhythmias are ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, accessory pathway tachycardia, AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia and long QT syndrome.

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